对地面某区域某时段连续覆盖的卫星轨道计算

Calculation of the satellite orbit covering certain area on the ground in some period of time

摘要:

为了对地面某一区域在未来某一时段连续覆盖，需要对在轨卫星变轨，并计算变轨后的卫星轨道参数。基于在轨卫星部分轨道参数(椭圆轨道a,i,e，圆轨道a,i)和t时刻星下点的位置坐标及卫星的地面高度，计算卫星的6个轨道参数，从而得到t时刻对星下点位置为中心的区域覆盖所需要的卫星轨道参数。利用t时刻卫星在J2000.0平天球坐标系3个坐标轴的位置与速度分量计算其卫星轨道参数。用STK卫星工具箱软件6.0 高精确度轨道产生器仿真，输入所得的t时刻卫星轨道参数，运行STK 6.0得到的星下点位置与事先设置的星下点相距6.63 m，完全满足卫星对地面覆盖的需要。欲对该区域在t时刻以后的一段时间连续覆盖，所需要的卫星轨道参数可按共地面轨迹计算；通过STK 6.0 高精确度轨道产生器对计算得到的卫星轨道参数进行仿真，验证了计算结果的正确性。

Abstract:

To cover certain area on the ground in some period of future time，orbital transfer is needed for running satellites，and the orbital parameters after shifting should be calculated. This paper calculates six parameters of satellite orbit basing on part parameters(ellipse orbit a,i and e，circle orbit a and i) of running satellite, the coordinates of satellite projection position on the ground and the distance between a satellite and the earth at t time of the day. Therefore, the parameters of satellite orbit are obtained when the satellite covers the area whose centre is the satellite projection position on the ground at t time of the day. The parameters of satellite orbit are calculated by three coordinate components of satellite position and velocity at t time of the day in rooted celestial coordinate system of J2000.0. It is simulated with Satellite Tool Kit(STK) 6.0 High-Precision Orbit Propagator by importing satellite orbit parameters obtained at t time of the day, the distance between the position of a satellite projection on the ground in STK 6.0 and that setup beforehand is 6.63 m. The result satisfies the requirements of satellite for covering ground. The satellite orbit parameters needed to continually cover the area for some time after t time of the day should be calculated according to common ground track for satellites. The calculated results of satellite orbit parameters are validated by STK 6.0 High-Precision Orbit Propagator.