落轮轮对三维外形重构与参数检测

Parameters measurement and three dimensional profile reconstruction of wheel sets

摘要:

轮对缺陷将严重影响列车安全运行，如何快速高精确度进行缺陷检测是技术难题。采用二维电荷耦合器件采集系统和线激光相结合获取轮对外形尺寸的方法，对检测原理进行理论推导并建立了相应模型，实现了轮对踏面360°检测与轮对外形三维重构。用所建立算法处理测量数据，获得轮缘厚度、轮缘宽度、垂直磨耗和踏面磨耗等重要参数。通过误差分析，研究影响检测精确度的多种因素。实验结果表明，该方法能快速、高精确度地测量出轮对外形尺寸，并能准确发现缺陷。

Abstract:

Detecting wheel defects efficiently with high precision is a technical problem, which is essential to the safe running of trains. A method is investigated to realize the three-dimension profile reconstruction and wheel tread comprehensive detection，by combining two-dimensional Charge Coupled Device(CCD) images with line laser，encoder and diastimeter. A theoretical derivation of detecting principle is described. Through data processing with the proposed algorithm，such wheel-set parameters as flange thickness，flange height，QR(which is representative of wheel flange angle of slope) are obtained. Measurement errors and influence factors on measuring accuracy are analyzed. Simulation and field experiments results show that the proposed method can detect the faults on the wheel correctly, which satisfies the high efficiency and accuracy requirements.