卫星通信天线极化校准技术

Polarization calibration for satellite communication antenna

摘要:

移动载体上的卫星通信天线由于载体姿态变化、雨衰、多径效应等环境因素引起的极化失配通常会导致通信质量差，严重时甚至无法通信等问题。针对该问题，文中通过对极化域的分析与研究，提出了一种电调极化技术，实现了天线的极化校准。该技术通过控制一对正交线极化波的幅度、相位，可实时进行极化调整，使接收天线的极化状态与发射天线的极化状态相匹配，从而能够最大限度地接收发射电磁波的功率，保证通信质量。经测试，采用该技术校准之后的Ku频段0.6 m动中通天线的交叉极化隔离度可达30 dB以上，可满足卫星通信要求。

Abstract:

Polarization mismatch due to environmental factors including the attitude variation of carrier, rain-fading and multipath effect etc., usually results in poor quality of communication or even being unable to communicate for mobile satellite communication antenna. For resolving the problem, based on analysis and research on polarization, a technology of electrical polarization adjustment is proposed to realize polarization calibration. This technology can adjust polarization state in real time by controlling the amplitude and phase of a pair of orthogonal linear wave, which makes the polarization states of transmitting and receiving antennas match well, and ensures obtaining the maximum electromagnetic energy and improves the quality of communication. Experiment results indicate that the cross polarization isolation can reach up to 30 dB for on-the-move antenna with an equivalent diameter of 0.6 m at Ku band. Therefore, it can meet the requirements of satellite communication.