零中频数字通信发射机的射频指纹时域基带建模

Time-domain baseband modeling of Radio Frequency Fingerprint for zero-IF digital communication transmitter

摘要:

射频指纹(RFF)来源于发射机电路设计的差异和生产过程中硬件电路的制造容差，是一种新兴的设备身份识别和认证技术。对射频指纹产生机理进行建模是深入研究射频指纹技术的基础。本文根据一种通用的零中频数字通信发射机结构分析了各环节对射频指纹的影响，并建立了对应的射频指纹时域基带模型。此外，归纳总结了一系列通信标准的若干重要时域参数的容差，并着重研究了LTE标准下，正交相移键控(QPSK)和十六进制正交振幅调制(16-QAM)两种典型调制方式的最大均方根误差向量幅度(RMS EVM)。最后，通过理论推导和Matlab仿真给出了直流偏置、同相/正交(I/Q)增益不平衡、I/Q正交偏移误差、I/Q滤波器偏差、振荡器相噪和功放非线性参数的上下界，并分析了各种射频指纹参数临界情形下星座图的变化，为射频指纹提取和识别技术的研究提供了合理的参数指导。

Abstract:

Radio Frequency Fingerprint(RFF) originates from the differences in transmitter circuit design and the manufacturing tolerance of the hardware circuit in the production process. It is an emerging equipment identification and authentication technology. Modeling the generation mechanism of RFF is the basis for its in-depth research. Based on a general Zero Intermediate Frequency(ZIF) digital communication transmitter architecture, the influence of each component in the transmitter on RFF is analyzed, and the corresponding RFF time-domain baseband model is established as well. In addition, several important time-domain parameter tolerances of communication standards are summarized. The maximum Root Mean Square Error Vector Magnitudes(RMS EVMs) of the two typical modulation methods, Quadrature Phase Shift Keying(QPSK) and 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(16-QAM), are mainly studied under the LTE standard. Finally, through theoretical derivation and Matlab simulation, the upper and lower bounds of Direct Current(DC) offset, In-Phase/Quadrature(I/Q) gain imbalance, I/Q quadrature offset error, I/Q filter offset, oscillator phase noise, and power amplifier nonlinearity parameters are given. The changes of the constellation diagram under the critical conditions of various RFF parameters are also analyzed, which provides reasonable parameter guidance for the future research of RFF extraction and identification.