美国国防部电磁频谱应用现状与应对策略

Application and countermeasures of the U.S. Department of Defense electromagnetic spectrum

摘要:

电磁频谱是继陆、海、空、天、网之后的第六维作战空间，并贯穿于其他五维空间的作战中。为有效应对电磁频谱空间的挑战和威胁，美国国防部提出了电磁频谱作战概念，对未来作战样式乃至战争形态产生深远影响。本文从电磁频谱应用角度出发，系统性介绍了美国国防部对电磁频谱的应用现状和代表性工作。首先，系统性梳理了电磁频谱的传统军事应用，如无线通信、雷达、信号情报、红外传感器、电子战、导航战；其次，重点介绍了电磁频谱的新兴军事应用，如5G通信、人工智能应用、激光通信、定向能武器、反无人机系统以及新兴概念；最后，总结了美国国防部制定的电磁频谱战略和政策，结合国内电磁频谱的发展水平，提出了加强我国电磁频谱作战能力的对策建议。

Abstract:

The electromagnetic spectrum is the sixth dimensional battle space after land, sea, air, space and cyber, and runs through the other five dimensional battles. In order to effectively deal with the challenges and threats of the electromagnetic spectrum, the US Department of Defense puts forward the concept of electromagnetic spectrum operations, which has a profound impact on future combat patterns and even war forms. From the perspective of electromagnetic spectrum application, the application status and representative work of the US Department of Defense on electromagnetic spectrum are systematically introduced. Firstly, the traditional military applications of the electromagnetic spectrum are systematically sorted out, such as communications, radar, signals intelligence, infrared sensors, electronic warfare, navigation warfare. Secondly, the emerging military applications of the electromagnetic spectrum are emphatically introduced, such as 5G communications, artificial intelligence applications, laser communications, directed-energy weapons, anti-UAV systems and emerging concepts. Finally, the strategies and policies of the electromagnetic spectrum made by the US Department of Defense are summarized, and some suggestions are put forward to strengthen the operational capability of electromagnetic spectrum.